The present volume comprises the proceedings of the colloquium “Urban Living in the Eastern Mediterranean. 4th c. BC – 1st c. AD” held at the Institute for Studies of Ancient Culture of the Austrian Academy of Sciences in 2007. It includes important contributions on the acculturation in the Eastern Mediterranean from the late Hellenistic and early Imperial period. Cultural exchange between the Roman and the Hellenistic-Greek sphere are discussed considering regional aspects and based on a broad geographic focus. The restriction to urban domestic architecture was chosen deliberately to ensure the comparability of the single evidences. Furnishing and decoration shed a light on every day culture including infrastructure and economic settings, private representation and domestic cult. Numerous contributions provide a contextual analysis of architecture and finds. They also form a solid basis to discuss questions of cultural identity as well as the relationship between urban centres and their hinterland.