Ägypten und Levante XXVI / Egypt and the Levant XXVI (2016)
Internationale Zeitschrift für ägyptische Archäologie und deren Nachbargebiete International Journal for Egyptian Archaeology and Related Disciplines
Nummer:
XXVI
Jahrgang:
2016
1. Auflage, 2016
Abkürzungen/Abbreviations
M. Bietak, Vorwort für das Herausgebergremium/Preface for the Editorial Board Bietak, A Farewell to Our Friend and Colleague Eugen Strouhal (24.1.1931-20.10.2016)
Grabungsvorberichte/Preliminary Excavation Reports:
A. Ashmawy Ali, Preliminary Report on the SCA Excavation at Tell el-Yahudia Season 2010-2011
V. Michel, Datierung des Tiefschnitts r/5 aus Areal R/III (0Ezbet-Rushdi/Tell el-Dab`a) - Analyse der keramischen Funde
N. Nielsen, V. Gasperini, M. Mamedow, Preliminary Report on the First Season of the Tell Nabasha Project, Autumn 2015
M. Nour el-Din, L. Hulková, A. Sefcaková, H. Hudec, A. Wodzinksa, Egytian Mission Rescue Excavations in Tell el-Retaba. Part : The Second Intermediate Period Cemtetry
A. Gryzak, Second Intermediate Period and l8th Dynasty Animal Bone Remains From Tell el-Retaba
C. Malleson, Archaeobotanical Investigations at Tell el-Retaba. 2nd Intermediate Period - 18111 Dynasty Cemetery and Settlements
Ashmawy Ali, Tell Basta During the Second Intermediate Period
Bader, M. Seco A.lvarez, Results of Five Years of Pottery Analysis in the Temple of Millions of Years of Thutmosis III in Western Thebes (2011-2015)
M. Bietak, The Egyptian Community in Avaris During the Hyksos Period
I. Finkelstein, To Date or Not to Date: Radiocarbon and the Arrival of the Philistines
J.K. Hoffmeier, T.W. Davis, R. Hummel, New Archaeological Evidence for Ancient Bedouin (Shasu) on Egypt's Eastern Frontier at Tell el-Borg
L. Hudakova, Gardening at Deir el-Bersha in the Middle Kingdom: A Unique Representation of Cucurbitaceae Cultivation
C. Knoblauch, A New Group of Middle Kingdom Embalming Deposits? Another Look at Pottery Dumps and Repositories for Building Materials in Middle Kingdom Cemeteries
K. Kopetzky, M. Bietak, A Seal Impression of the Green Jasper Workshop From Tell el-Dab0a Analysis of Bubastis / Tell Basta
Details
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Inhaltsverzeichnis
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Produktdetails
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Autor:innen / Herausgeber:innen
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Schlagworte
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weiterführende Links, Online Edition
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Vorwort für das Herausgebergremium/Preface for the Editorial Board
Seite 11 - 14 | doi: https://doi.org/10.1553/AEundL26s11
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A Farewell to Our Friend and Colleague Eugen Strouhal (24.1.1931–20.10.2016)
Seite 15 - 16 | doi: https://doi.org/10.1553/AEundL26s15
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Grabungsvorberichte/Preliminary Excavation Reports: Preliminary Report on the SCA Excavation at Tell el-Yahudia Season 2010–2011
The following preliminary report provides a brief overview of the SCA excavations in the years 2010–2011 at the smaller (or northern) tell of Tell el-Yahudia. Remains of two houses of the Graeco-Roman suburb were discovered, one of which contained a private bath. In the so-called “Second rock-cut cemetery” (known since the 1980s), some additional tombs were discovered. In the Hyksos and Late Period cemetery in the gezira, 48 tombs from the Middle Kingdom, the Hyksos Period, the New Kingdom and the Late Period were cleared. 12 poor tombs (most of them for children) were discovered at a small excavation site in the south of the tell. Small finds from the cemeteries consisted mainly of pottery (including Tell el-Yahudia ware), Fayence amulets and sealings and several metal objects, as well as a few Ptolemaic coins.
Schlagworte: SCA-excavation, Tell el-Yahudiya, Graeco-Roman suburb, Rock-cut cemetery, Geziracemetery, Hyksos, Late Period
Aiman Ashmawy Ali
Seite 17 - 32 | doi: https://doi.org/10.1553/AEundL26s17
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Grabungsvorberichte/Preliminary Excavation Reports: Datierung des Tiefschnitts r/5 aus Areal R/III – (cEzbet-Rushdi/Tell el-Dabca) – Analyse der keramischen Funde
The long term excavations carried out in Avaris, the ancient city of the Hyksos, presented a large variety of urban formations. Among them is the newly uncovered quarter in the area of Rushdi III (R/III). This paper will focus on the examination of the ceramic material from a test trench, which exposed the whole stratification in the southwestern sector of R/III, in order to get a better idea of the time frame of the settlement in this area. A comparison of the study results with the established pottery typology in Tell el-Dabca illustrates distinctive 15th Dynasty characteristics and indicates the domestic nature of the vessel compound. In conclusion this study suggests that the quarter R/III was settled during the complete 15th Dynasty and reused in the New Kingdom and the Late Period. However, the documentation and the evaluation, both of the material culture and of the architectural features in the area R/III are still in progress and further results are expected to come.
Schlagworte: Avaris, Egyptian pottery, material culture, Rushdi, Tell el-Dab'a, settlement pottery
Vera Michel
Seite 33 - 64 | doi: https://doi.org/10.1553/AEundL26s33
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Grabungsvorberichte/Preliminary Excavation Reports: Preliminary Report on the First Season of the Tell Nabasha Project, Autumn 2015
A team from the University of Liverpool undertook the first season of fieldwork at the site of Tell Nabasha near the modern village of el- Hosayneya in the North-eastern Delta in the autumn of 2015. After mapping the eastern portion of the tell, the team conducted test excavations revealing domestic architecture dateable to the transitional period between the Late Period and the early Ptolemaic. More than 200 small finds, as well as 600 diagnostic sherds of pottery and whole vessels were recorded. The ceramic corpus was largely domestic in nature but included a smaller amount of Phoenician and Hellenistic imports.
Schlagworte: Sculptor's models, Persian rider, Imet, Tell Fara'un, Tell Nabasha, Ptolemaic Period, Late Period, Delta archaeology, Settlement archaeology
Nicky Nielsen - Valentina Gasperini - Mandy Mamedow
Seite 65 - 74 | doi: https://doi.org/10.1553/AEundL26s65
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Grabungsvorberichte/Preliminary Excavation Reports: Egyptian Mission Rescue Excavations in Tell el-Retaba. Part 2: The Second Intermediate Period Cemetery
The present article about the first excavated part of an extensive cemetery of the Second Intermediate Period in Tell el-Retaba is one of the outcomes of the scientific co-operation between the Egyptian rescue excavation mission led by M. Nour el-Din and the joint Polish-Slovak archaeological mission in Tell el-Retaba. Seventeen mudbrick tombs dating to the mid – late 15th dynasty were unearthed during two campaigns in 2011– 2012. The tomb architecture and the grave goods found with the buried individuals which are presented in this article offer an insight into the burial customs of the inhabitants of Tell el-Retaba during the end of the Second Intermediate Period. Furthermore, they can help us to shed more light on the settlement history and material culture of this still somewhat controversial period of Egyptian history.
Schlagworte: Second Intermediate Period, 15th Dynasty, Tell el-Retaba, cemetery, mudbrick tomb, burial customs, grave goods
Mustafa Nour el-Din - Lucia Hulková - Alena Šefčáková - Jozef Hudec - Anna Wodzińska
Seite 75 - 114 | doi: https://doi.org/10.1553/AEundL26s75
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Grabungsvorberichte/Preliminary Excavation Reports: Second Intermediate Period and 18th Dynasty Animal Bone Remains from Tell el-Retaba
Faunal remains from six Hyksos tombs and settlement layers from the Second Intermediate Period and 18th Dynasty were subjected to archaeozoological analysis. The results indicate that livestock species played a fundamental role in animal economy and meat diet of the inhabitants of Tell el-Retaba, with a marginal significance of fishing, hunting or possible mussel or snail collecting. The statistics concerning the bones of four domestic mammal species (sheep, goat, cattle, pig) demonstrate a certain variety in food preferences that the people living at Tell el-Retaba had in different periods. Generally, in the Second Intermediate Period mutton and goat meat dominated, with a lower share of beef and an even smaller proportion of pork. The role of ovicaprine meat was the most prominent in the times of Hyksos settlement activity. The significance of these animals is emphasized by the fact that they were deposited in the tombs together with humans, probably as a supply of food for the afterlife. It appears that offerings were made of portioned carcasses of subadult sheep, and less frequently subadult goats. Perhaps the local food supply was more varied as the tombs also contained remains of other species of mammals, as well as fishes, birds, and mollusks. During the 18th Dynasty there was a certain change in the diet, the importance of sheep and goat meat was further strengthened, with a decreased percentage of beef and pork. The trend is derived from modifications in husbandry practices, which in turn could have changed for cultural or environmental reasons.
Schlagworte: Bone remains, meat consumption, economy, Hyksos grave, animal offerings
Anna Grezak
Seite 115 - 128 | doi: https://doi.org/10.1553/AEundL26s115
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Grabungsvorberichte/Preliminary Excavation Reports: Archaeobotanical Investigations at Tell el-Retaba. 2nd Intermediate period – 18th dynasty cemetery and settlements
This article presents results of analysis of 2nd Intermediate period and 18th dynasty archaeobotanical remains from the multi-period settlement and cemetery site of Tell el-Retaba in the Wadi Tumilat; material from the Ramesside and 3rd Intermediate period can be found in A&L 25 (2015, 175–200). Excavations conducted since 2009 have yielded abundant charred plant macroremains the analyses of which have enabled hypotheses relating to the local environment, animal husbandry, agriculture and subsistence strategies. It has now been established that the area experienced regular fluctuations of water levels and changing water-bodies, and that the inhabitants of the settlements of all periods at the site generally seem to have relied primarily upon an integrated arable and livestock agricultural system.
Schlagworte: Tell el-Retaba, archaeobotany, Wadi Tumilat, Settlement archaeology
Claire Malleson
Seite 129 - 144 | doi: https://doi.org/10.1553/AEundL26s129
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Tell Basta During the Second Intermediate Period
Excavations of the Egyptian Antiquities Organisation at Tell Basta under Shafik Farid and Ahmed el-Sawi and of the University of Zagazig under Mohamed Bakr revealed several tombs from the Second Intermediate Period (SIP). These, however, remained unpublished or were not recognized as such. This paper will provide a short overview of different burials of the SIP, including some donkey burials. A catalogue of small objects is attached.
Schlagworte: donkey burials, tombs, Second Intermediate Period, Mohammed Bakr, Ahmed el- Sawi, Shafik Farid, Tell Basta
Aiman Ashmawy Ali
Seite 145 - 156 | doi: https://doi.org/10.1553/AEundL26s145
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Results of five years of Pottery Analysis in the Temple of Millions of Years of Thutmosis III in Western Thebes (2011–2015)
This article discusses some of the ceramic finds from the Temple of Millions of Years of Thutmosis III in Thebes/West recorded from 2011 to 2015. Whilst the finds presented in this article mostly date from the late Middle Kingdom and Second Intermediate Period, tombs created before the temple was built, are discussed in full, selected New Kingdom pottery types are also shown, e. g. from a foundation deposit. An interesting cluster of tombs from approximately the 11th Dynasty was situated to the north of the temple, some pottery of which is also published.
Schlagworte: Thebes, Pottery, Late Middle Kingdom, Thutmosis III, New Kingdom, Temple of Millions of Years, foundation deposit
Bettina Bader - Myriam Seco Álvarez
Seite 157 - 262 | doi: https://doi.org/10.1553/AEundL26s157
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The Egyptian Community in Avaris During the Hyksos Period
Papyrus Rhind and other papyri which were kept and even written or copied in Avaris suggest strongly that the Hyksos employed Egyptian scribes and perhaps even schools of scribes. It is possible that these scribes were employed during the Hyksos Period from the former centres of Egyptian administration, but it is also possible that they were recruited from the Egyptian community in Avaris, which implies that these people were able to keep their Egyptian identity and Egyptian standards of language, culture and writing. This article investigates to what extent the Egyptian community living in Avaris before the settlement of Western Asiatic immigrants was able to keep its identity and under which conditions they were able to survive in Avaris, especially after the takeover by the 15th Dynasty, the Hyksos. The answer to this question is a challenge for archaeology and a test for recognising ethnic markers. Without the possibility of finding papyri because of poor preservation conditions of organic matters, it was still possible to identify the survival of the Egyptian community within the limits of the old walled settlement of the Middle Kingdom at cEzbet Rushdi. It is a quarter where no intramural inhumations – a typical ethnic marker of Near Eastern settlements of the Middle Bronze Age – could be found. On top of this evidence, the area without inhumations was extended to the south beyond the original borders of the town during the Hyksos Period. The neighbouring living quarters have, however, intramural inhumations and at the same time provided finds of the toggle pin – a part of Canaanite dress. The toggle pin was entirely missing in the quarter thought to be inhabited by the Egyptian community.
Schlagworte: intramural inhumations, Ezbet Rushdi, Egyptian Community, 15th Dynasty, Hyksos Period, Avaris
Seite 263 - 274 | doi: https://doi.org/10.1553/AEundL26s263
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To Date or Not to Date: Radiocarbon and the Arrival of the Philistines
Here I deal with two recent attempts to radiocarbon-date the transition from the Late Bronze to the Iron I and the arrival of the Philistines based on samples from Tell es-Safi/Gath and Qubur el-Walaydah. I first detail five conditions for constructing a proper radiocarbon model aimed at resolving a historical question, especially in the case of a dispute involving no more than a few decades. I then demonstrate that the situation in the relevant areas at Tell es-Safi/Gath and Qubur el-Walaydah – stratigraphy, contexts and control over ceramic typology – do not adhere to these conditions. Finally, I assemble and compare all available radiocarbon data for the Late Bronze IIB/III and the Late Bronze III/Iron I transitions and comment on two issues related to the traditional Philistine paradigm.
Schlagworte: Radiocarbon dating, Tell es-Safi/ Gath, Qubur el-Walaydah, Late Bronze, Iron I, Late Bronze/Iron I transition, Philistine chronology, Philistine pottery
Israel Finkelstein
Seite 275 - 284 | doi: https://doi.org/10.1553/AEundL26s275
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New Archaeological Evidence for Ancient Bedouin (Shas u) on Egypt’s Eas tern Frontier at Tell el-Borg
Excavations at the military site of Tell el-Borg, just outside of the eastern Delta has produced two New Kingdom forts that were a part of the East Frontier defense system and the military highway, the Ways of Horus. Among the discoveries at Tell el-Borg were the burnt out remains of a cluster of reed huts. This study will investigate who the occupants of these huts may have been. The pottery and C14 dates suggest that these structures were used in the 2nd Intermediate Period to early New Kingdom. It will be argued provisionally that the occupants of this little community were dessert dwellers, possibly Shasu.
Schlagworte: sttyw, aAmw, SAsw, Hryw-Sa, Bedouin, Shasu, Sinai, Tell el-Borg
James K. Hoffmeier - Thomas W. Davis - Rexine Hummel
Seite 285 - 312 | doi: https://doi.org/10.1553/AEundL26s285
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Gardening at Deir el-Bersha in the Middle Kingdom: a unique representation of Cucurbitaceae cultivation
Decoration in the tombs of Middle Kingdom officials often resembles a jigsaw puzzle because many of them have suffered damage, both from natural disasters and human intervention, and their scenes are often preserved only in fragments. This applies to the tomb of Djehutyhotep II at Deir el-Bersha, dating to the second half of the 12th Dynasty, and especially to the right-hand wall of the inner chamber, which was once decorated with scenes related to agriculture, food production, wine-making, gardening and crafts. The present paper examines a set of tiny fragments from this wall that are now kept in the British Museum, which show the cultivation of a plant from the Cucurbitaceae family with the aid of a trellis. The plant depicted there can probably be identified with the vegetable melon (Cucumis melo), a popular vegetable crop. The illustration is unparalleled in Egyptian art, and may be considered an innovation of the Middle Kingdom.
Schlagworte: Deir el-Bersha, Djehutyhotep II, Cucumis melo, BM EA 71520, BM EA 71525, BM EA 71528
Lubica Hudaková
Seite 313 - 328 | doi: https://doi.org/10.1553/AEundL26s313
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A New Group of Middle King dom Em balming Deposits? Another look at Pottery Dumps an d Repositories for Building Materials in Middle King dom Cemeteries
Although mummification is assumed to have been a common practice during the mid-late Middle Kingdom, there are no confirmed examples of so-called “embalming deposits” – intentional deposits of waste created during the mummification process – from cemeteries of this period. The only Middle Kingdom deposits of this type date to the early Middle Kingdom and come from the Theban necropolis. This paper examines the archaeology of a hitherto overlooked group of intentional cemetery deposits from the mid-late Middle Kingdom and explores the possibility that the deposits might represent an alternative tradition of embalming or deposition of embalming waste.
Schlagworte: burial customs, Archaeology, Ritual, Intentional Deposits, Embalming, mummification
Christian Knoblauch
Seite 329 - 356 | doi: https://doi.org/10.1553/AEundL26s329
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A Seal Impressi on of the Green Jas per workshop from Tell el-Dabca
Amongst the hundreds of seal impressions which were found in recent years at Tell el- Dabca only a handful were made by Near Eastern cylinder seals. One of these impressions was found in a heavily burnt storage room from the pre- Hyksos palace of area F/II. It belongs to the so called “Green Jasper Workshop” and carries a hieroglyphic inscription. Text and depictions hint strongly at a connection of its owner to the religious and political sphere of the city of Byblos.
Schlagworte: Middle Bronze Age II, cylinder seal, Green Jasper Workshop, Byblos, Tell el-Dab'a, 14th dynasty
Seite 357 - 376 | doi: https://doi.org/10.1553/AEundL26s357
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Remote sensing in the Nile Delta: Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Bubastis / Tell Basta
The paper describes the latest results of geographic and geophysical investigations at the site of Tell Basta, the ancient city Bubastis, in the south-eastern Nile Delta. Given the obvious impact of the local geomorphology and hydrogeography on the evolution of the city, the addition of such methods to the ongoing archaeological studies at the site is all the more important. Special emphasis lies on the analysis of remote sensing imagery and historic cartographic information, provided by the maps of early travellers in order to generate information about the northwestern part of the tell which is nowadays completely overbuild and not accessible anymore for further archaeological research.
Schlagworte: Archaeology of the Nile Delta, cemetery, geomorphology, Historic Cartography, Hydrogeography, Remote Sensing Imagery, settlement, Temple
Eva Lange - Tobias Ullmann - Roland Baumhauer
Seite 377 - 392 | doi: https://doi.org/10.1553/AEundL26s377
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Ausgabe:
978-3-7001-8051-7, Zeitschriftenausgabe, broschiert, 20.12.2016
Ausgabe:
978-3-7001-8091-3, E-Journal, digital, 20.12.2016
Auflage:
1. Auflage
Seitenzahl:
392 Seiten
Format:
30x21cm
Sprache:
Englisch
DOI (Link zur Online Edition):