The newly discovered Basilica delle Marignane occupied a special position among the suburban church buildings of Aquileia. It is located on the most important road link from the upper Adriatic to Rome. This special position is expressed in its orientation to the south-east, which differs from the other churches, its close proximity to the late antique city wall, its architecturally comprehensible development from a simple memorial church to a basilica with a recessed apse and finally in its design as a transept basilica with apses. This suggests a repeated reception of eastern architectural influence. The stages of development were divided into four periods, dating from the second half of the 4th century to around the middle of the 6th century AD. It is possible that the Basilica delle Marignane was traditionally home to a right-believing Eastern Roman congregation and, when Justinian I reconquered Upper Italy, this church building, transformed into a transept basilica with apses following Eastern Mediterranean model, was therefore a monumental testimony to Byzantine supremacy.

Schlagworte: Aquileia, new basilica, building development, Byzantine influence

This article focuses on the large quadripartite church complex in the north-eastern part of the settlement on the Burgbichl. The church is orientated towards a two-storey residential building to the west and is connected to it by a narrow narthex. In the main room, the presbytery is separated from the lay room by a step that once supported the partition and has a passageway in the north. The relationship between the two sections is particularly striking, as the area for the priesthood is very large. To the east of the main hall, a sacristy with T-shaped underfloor heating offers a high level of comfort. For the side chapel to the south a change of function can be traced clearly: It initially served as a baptistery with a hexagonal basin and is then transformed to a memoria. Both to the north and south of the church wings of rooms are adjoined, which probably cannot be explained solely by liturgical purposes. The wing in the south is remarkable for its two storeys and its vaulted ceiling in the staircase. In the north, it has been proven that an enclosure wall was built in the latest phase of the settlement, for which parts of the church building had to be removed. According to the current state of research, the entire building complex in Irschen represents a quite unique architectural feature that most likely only shares a parallel to Ajdna nad Potoki (Slovenia).

Schlagworte: Early Christian church, baptistery, Late Antiquity, Burgbichl, Carinthia/Austria

Christianity spread very quickly and well in what is now Bulgaria, and we draw our knowledge primarily from the monuments that supplement the sparse written sources. Nevertheless, this area also had supra-regional importance as the foreland of the capital Constantinople. It also shows influences from the Middle East, especially on the Black Sea coast. End of the 4th century the migration of mainly Germanic groups into the Roman Empire began, although the integration of these was made more difficult by the fact that the immigrants often quickly adopted the Christian faith, but in the form of so-called Arianism. But not only the onslaught of various peoples, but especially the internal political and economic difficulties of the Roman Empire led to the collapse of the Limes in the 6th century, i. e. in our case the border protection on the Danube and finally the immigration of the Slavs.

Schlagworte: early Christianity, Bulgaria

In der Antike, wie in anderen Perioden der Geschichte, trugen viele Leute ein kleines Tuch für den persönlichen Gebrauch bei sich. Diese bescheidenen Kleidungsstücke konnten in der Hand, um den Hals oder in einem Gürtel getragen werden und hatten viele Funktionen und Namen. Diese Tücher waren trotz ihrer geringen Größe in verschiedenen Bereichen des gesellschaftlichen Lebens sehr wichtig, z. B. die Mappa des Konsuls oder als die Ursprünge des Manipels und Palliums des Bischofs. Während diese „offiziellen“ Funktionen gut untersucht sind, wird der alltägliche Gebrauch dieser Tücher oft missverstanden. Besonders vernachlässigt oder missverstanden wird ihre Verwendung durch Frauen, vor allem betreffend das Tuch der Jungfrau Maria. In vorliegendem Artikel wird die Nutzung der Tücher von der frühen Römerzeit bis in die Spätantike mit Schwerpunkt auf dem Alltagsleben verfolgt. Es wird argumentiert, dass diese ‚Kleidungsstückeʻ nicht primär männlich waren und sie scheinen tatsächlich zuerst als weibliche Accessoires bekannt geworden zu sein. Außerdem zeigen die säkularen Ursprünge der Tücher, dass sie keine Belege für die liturgische Rolle von Frauen liefern können.

Schlagworte: mappa, clothing, insignia, fashion, Virgin Mary