Introduction | Population decline: Towards a rational, scientific research agenda | Debate | Like high cholesterol, population decline is a problem, but not in the way you might think... | The human eco-predicament: Overshoot and the population conundrum | Population decline will likely become a global trend and benefit long-term human wellbeing | Depopulation or population decline? Demographic nightmares and imaginaries | A governance perspective on East Central Europe’s population predicament: Young exit, grey voice and lopsided loyalty | Low, but not too low, fertility can represent a positive development | The key role of early education in an ageing and shrinking population: The example of Germany | Perspectives | Implementing youth-oriented policies: A remedy for depopulation in rural regions? | Review Articles | Revisiting the impact of urban shrinkage on residential segregation in European cities | Research Articles | Immigration and the prospects for long-run population decreases in European countries | How much would reduced emigration mitigate ageing in Norway? | The triple burden of depopulation in Ukraine: examining perceptions of population decline | Is Spanish depopulation irreversible? Recent demographic and spatial changes in small municipalities | Neighbourhood effects and determinants of population changes in Italy: A spatial perspective | Demographic sustainability in Italian territories: The link between depopulation and population ageing | Parsimonious stochastic forecasting of international and internal migration on the NUTS-3 level – an outlook of regional depopulation trends in Germany | Supplementary material to VANELLA, Patrizio; HELLWAGNER, Timon, DESCHERMEIER, Philipp: "Parsimonious stochastic forecasting of international and internal migration on the NUTS-3 level – an outlook of regional depopulation trends in Germany" | Data &amp; Trends | Depopulation in Moldova: The main challenge in the context of extremly high emigration

The 2023 volume of the Vienna Yearbook of Population Research puts a spotlight on the causes and consequences of population decline – a phenomenon increasingly observed in many countries and regions around the world. This volume showcases the multifaceted nature of population decline, featuring studies from diverse disciplines including environmental studies, urban/regional planning and sociology. Comprising a collection of 18 articles, it examines trends, causes and consequences, challenges and policy responses at various spatial levels, often with a focus on the key role of migration in driving population decline. The seven Debate contributions included in the volume defy the gloomy picture typically associated with population decline, also stressing the (potential) benefits from population decline. 

 

The causes and consequences of depopulation

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Vienna Yearbook of Population Research 2023, Vol. 21

Vienna Yearbook of Population Research 2023, Vol. 21 2023 21 2023 

Authors for this Volume | Introduction | Introduction: the relevance of studying fertility across time and space  | Debate | International political economy and future fertility trends | Moving out the parental home and partnership formation as social determinants of low fertility  | “Catching up with ‘compressed modernity”’ - How the values of Millennials and Gen-Z’ers could reframe gender equity and demographic systems  | Future fertility trends are shaped at the intersection of gender and social stratification | The wish for a child | Fertility will be determined by the changing ideal family size and the empowerment to reach these targets | Marriage will (continue to) be the key to the future of fertility in Japan and East Asia  | Review Article | Ultra-low fertility in East Asia: Confucianism and its discontents | Research Articles | Data &amp; Trends | Laggards in the global fertility transition  | Projecting future births with fertility differentials reflecting women’s educational and migrant characteristics | Selected Wittgenstein Centre databases on fertility across time and space | Decomposing changes in first birth trends: Quantum, timing, or variance | What factors support the early age patterns of fertility in a developing country: the case of Kyrgyzstan | Marital fertility decline and child mortality in the Sardinian longevity Blue Zone | Future orientation and fertility: cross-national evidence using Google search

The 2020 volume brings together many perspectives on the past, present and future of fertility. It covers both countries with very high fertility (research on high-fertility countries in Sub-Saharan Africa by D. Shapiro and A. Hinde) and countries with “ultra-low fertility”, especially in East Asia (S. Fukuda). East Asia is also covered in a review article by Y. A. Cheng, who discusses the impact of the lasting influence of Confucian culture on extreme low fertility in the region. The journal includes contributions on historical fertility declines (work by M. Poulain et al. on Sardinia), as well as articles dealing with recent trends and research presenting fertility projections (article on the European Union by M. Potančoková and G. Marois). While many of the articles are empirically oriented, some have a strong methodological (contribution on first birth trends by R. Mogi and D. del Mundo) or theoretical focus (e.g., research on future orientation and fertility by N. Cavalli). Most of the contributions focus on fertility level, but several shed light on changes in fertility timing (e.g., work by K. Kazenin and V. Kozlov). The authors of the Debate (A. Adsera, A. Esteve et al., S. Gietel-Basten, T. Lappegård, A. Rotkirch, W. Lutz and S. Fukuda) discuss the most important factors likely to influence future fertility trends. Finally, the Data &Trends section (K. Zeman and T. Sobotka) gives a brief overview of selected Wittgenstein Centre databases on fertility across time and space.  

Fertility across time and space

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Vienna Yearbook of Population Research 2020, Vol. 18

Vienna Yearbook of Population Research 2020, Vol. 18 2020 18 18 

Authors and guest editors for this volume | Preface | Introduction | The population aspects of the COVID-19 pandemic in 20 papers: an introduction  | Perspectives | Aspects of a sociology of the pandemic: Inequalities and the life course  | COVID-19, the Russo-Ukrainian War, the global sustainable development project and post-crises demography  | Research Articles | Effects of income inequality on COVID-19 infections and deaths during the first wave of the pandemic: Evidence from European countries | Assessing the generational impact of COVID-19 using National Transfer Accounts (NTAs) | Supplementary material to SÁNCHEZ-ROMERO, Miguel: "Assessing the generational impact of COVID-19 using National Transfer Accounts (NTAs)" | Summary of NTA country profiles (addition to to SÁNCHEZ-ROMERO, Miguel: "Assessing the generational impact of COVID-19 using National Transfer Accounts (NTAs)") | The mathematics of the reproduction number R for Covid-19: A primer for demographers  | Pitfalls and solutions in case fatality risk estimation – A multi-country analysis on the effects of demographics, surveillance, time lags between case reports and deaths and healthcare system capacity on COVID-19 CFR estimates | COVID-19 and relationship quality: Emotional, paid work and organizational spheres  | Narratives of the future and fertility decision-making in uncertain times. An application to the COVID-19 pandemic  | Cognitive schemas and fertility motivations in the U.S. during the COVID-19 pandemic | Human costs of the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in the major epicentres in Italy  | Excess mortality and COVID-19 in Sweden in 2020: A demographic account  | Regional COVID-19 mortality in Brazil by age | Are homicides and robberies associated with mortality due to COVID-19? Lessons from Urban Mexico  | Data &amp; Trends | Assessing excess mortality in Vienna and Austria after the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic | COVID-19 in Hong Kong: Policies and community actions mitigate the effects of age structure and population density | Rapid changes in birth counts in Brazilian major cities during the COVID-19 pandemic | Pregnancies and contraceptive use in four African countries during the COVID-19 pandemic  | Exploring psychological vulnerability and responses to the COVID-19 lockdown in Greece | Supplementary material to XOURAFI, Lydia; SARDI, Polyxeni; KOSTAKI, Anastasia: "Exploring psychological vulnerability and responses to the COVID-19 lockdown in Greece" | Why did care home residents face an elevated risk of death from COVID-19? A demographic perspective using data from Belgium and from England and Wales | Comparing the loss of life expectancy at birth during the 2020 and 1918 pandemics in six European countries

The 2022 special issue is dedicated to the demographic aspects and consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. In the first months of 2020, the world was hit by an epidemic emergency of global proportions. Its short- and long-term implications are not yet fully understood, particularly since its duration is still not foreseeable. Nevertheless, the pandemic has spurred social scientists to research the impact of the virus on the society and this in a very short time after the outbreak. 

A large part of the issue is dedicated to the analysis of the infections and the mortality patterns. The papers describe the demographic, social, and economic characteristics that influence the spread of infections and determine the number of deaths, with particular attention to issues of measurement. They analyse different waves of the pandemic, often with a comparative framework across multiple countries and also at the regional level – in Europe and outside of Europe. Some papers consider in more detail the impact of measures taken to contain the spread of the virus, e.g., lockdown. The volume also addresses how the pandemic affected the quality of relationships, the intention and motivation to have children, and realized fertility, using a variety of individual-level and register data. 

In addition to more specific topics, such as the impact of the spread of crime on mortality in Mexico or a comparison of mortality between nursing home residents and the general population in England, Wales, and Belgium, the issue also includes broader reflections on the likely risks facing different communities of individuals and the potential consequences on their life course, also in relation to other recent risks that overlap with the pandemic (climate change, depopulation, recent armed conflicts). 

Demographic aspects of the COVID-19 pandemic and its consequences

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Vienna Yearbook of Population Research 2022, Vol. 20

Vienna Yearbook of Population Research 2022, Vol. 20 2022 20 20 

Authors for this volume | Introduction | A demographic perspective on human wellbeing: Concepts, measurement and population heterogeneity | Debate | EU and UK targets for healthy life expectancy – are they achievable? | Demography and well-being | Sustainable human wellbeing: What can demography contribute? | WELLBYs, cost-benefit analyses and the Easterlin Discount | Review Articles | Comparing global reports of subjective well-being to experiential measures | Anthropometric history and the measurement of wellbeing | Research Articles | Going beyond GDP with a parsimonious indicator: inequality-adjusted healthy lifetime income | Global improvements in Years of Good Life since 1950 | Mortality evolution in Algeria: What can we learn about data quality?  | Gender disparities in health at older ages and their consequences for well-being in Latin America and the Caribbean | Gender and socioeconomic inequalities in health and wellbeing across age in France and Switzerland | Understanding women’s well-being in Turkey  | The age U-shape in Europe: the protective role of partnership  | Singles in the city: happily ever after? | Fathers’ and mothers’ enjoyment of childcare: the role of multitasking | Well-being in Europe: decompositions by country and gender for the population aged 50+ | The life course and subjective well-being across generations – an analysis based on cross-national surveys (2002–2016) | Academic track mismatch and the temporal development of well-being and competences in German secondary education | Is educational wellbeing associated with grade repetition and school dropout rates among Indian students? Evidence from a panel study | Data &amp; Trends | Years of Good Life: An illustration of a new well-being indicator using data for Thailand

The 2021 special issue explores demographic perspectives on human wellbeing across time and space. While the idea of relating demographic parameters to wellbeing has been around for a while, a more concrete research agenda on the topic has gained momentum only recently. This volume gives an overview on the latest developments and shows how existing theoretical concepts and methodological tools in demography offer substantial advancements for the study of wellbeing. A large part of the volume is devoted to the challenges of defining and measuring wellbeing, with the most important debate being on whether the focus should be on objective measures like income or subjective definitions of wellbeing such as happiness. The various authors define wellbeing as health and mortality, as income, education or other resources, as happiness or life satisfaction, or a combination thereof, by introducing novel composite indicators. The volume covers wellbeing in historical and contemporary populations, in high- and low-income countries all around the world, also pointing at important research hindrances due to the lack of good-quality data in many regions. Most empirical contributions consider population heterogeneity to study how wellbeing differs by population subgroups and whether some demographic and socioeconomic groups fall behind, thereby providing important policy implications.   

Demographic aspects of human wellbeing

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Vienna Yearbook of Population Research 2021, Vol. 19

Vienna Yearbook of Population Research 2021, Vol. 19 2021 19 19 

Introduction | Analyzing population ageing and intergenerational redistribution: NTA and AGENTA | Research Articles | Welfare state winners and losers in ageing societies | Intergenerational inequalities in mortality-adjusted disposable incomes | Welfare state and the age distribution of public consumption and public transfers in the EU countries | Extending working life: experiences from Sweden, 1981–2011 | Historical patterns of unpaid work in Europe: NTTA results by age and gender | Italians’ use of time during the economic crisis: implications for the gender division of labour | Transfers of informal care time in the United States: the role of demographic differentials in intergenerational flows by age, sex, and racial and national background | Data Section | European National (Time) Transfer Accounts

This special issue explores the impacts of population aging and intergenerational redistribution, with a focus on the European Union through the lens of the National Transfer Accounts (NTA) and AGENTA projects. It examines how demographic transitions, such as declining fertility and increasing longevity, influence economic dependency ratios and support systems. Utilizing harmonized data from Eurostat, it highlights variations in public and private transfers across countries and delves into policy challenges posed by aging populations. The issue emphasizes the role of intergenerational transfers, including time and gender dynamics, in addressing the economic and social pressures of aging.  

Population ageing and intergenerational redistribution

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Vienna Yearbook of Population Research 2023, Vol. 21

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Vienna Yearbook of Population Research 2019, Vol. 17