In December 1883, a dispute began between Ernst Boetticher and Heinrich Schliemann over the latter´s interpretation of his research in Troy. After studying Schliemann´s book on his excavations in Troy, published in November 1880, Boetticher was convinced that Schliemann had misinterpreted the excavation results and had not found a settlement, but a fire-necropolis. In strongly-worded articles he criticized Schliemann, his colleague Wilhelm Dörpfeld as well as Rudolf Virchow. The dispute finally culminated during the so-called Erste Troiakonferenz in December 1889. The monograph examines the history of this conflict, which, since Boetticher published his ideas at least until 1911, continued even after Schliemann´s death in December 1890. In addition, the volume offers a biography of Ernst Boetticher, about whom very little was available until now.