Introduction: Interaction in the Himalayas and Central Asia | Transfers and Interactions between North and South in Central Asia during the Bronze Age | Preliminary Excavation Findings from Shoroon Bumbagar, Ulaan Kherem, Mongolia | Two Enigmatic "Megalithic" Sites in Tibet | Skanda and the Mothers in Khotanese Buddhist Painting | The Deydier Vase and Its Tibetan Connections: A Preliminary Note | Allegories of Kingship: A Preliminary Study of a Western Central Asian Gold Ewer in the Royal Court of Tibet | The Influence from Khotan: The Standing Buddha Images in Kucha | An Early West Tibetan Manuscript from Hanle Monastery, Ladakh | Three Ancient Manuscripts from Tholing in the Tucci Collection, IsIAO, Roma, Part II: Manuscript 1329 0 | The Art of Khorchag and Khartse in the Fabric of Western Himalayan Buddhist Art (10th-14th Centuries): Questions of Style II | A Turk in the Dukhang? Comparative Perspectives on Elite Dress in Medieval Ladakh and the Caucasus | A Cultural Crossroads: Some "Foreign" Elements in the Art and Architecture of mNga' ris | Reconstruction of the West Tibetan Temples of Khorchag: The Lhakhang Chenmo | Narrative Transformations: The Spiritual Friends of Khri Srong Ide brtsan | Charting Ancient Routes in Ladakh: An Archaeological Documentation | Is There a Network of Sacred Fires Across the Himalayas and Central Asia? From Baku to Nepal, and Back | Circumambulating the Jowo in Mongolia: Why Erdeni Juu Should Be Understood as "Jowo Rinpoche" | Between the Himalayas and Inner Asia: The Mongolian Case | Moving Artefacts: Mongolian Tsam Figures | List of Contributors

Der Tagungsband des dritten internationalen SEECHAC-Kolloquiums (Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 25.–27. November 2013, Wien) ist dem Thema „Interaktion im Himalaya und Zentralasien“ gewidmet. Nach einer thematischen Einleitung (Christian Jahoda) beschäftigt er sich in insgesamt 19 Beiträgen von internationalen ExpertInnen aus verschiedenen Wissensgebieten und Fachdisziplinen (u. a. Archäologie, Architektur, Kunstgeschichte, Sozialanthropologie, Tibetologie, Mongolei- und Zentralasien-Studien) mit Transformationsprozessen sozialer, religiöser und materieller Kultur in Gegenwart und Vergangenheit. Der Band ist in drei Themenkomplexe gegliedert: I. Transfer und Interaktion in Zentralasien und Tibet (Élise Luneau, Lhagvasuren Erdenebold, Oscar Nalesini, Ciro Lo Muzio, Frantz Grenet, David Pritzker, Tianshu Zhu), II. Translation und Aneignung von Kunst und Architektur im westlichen Himalaya (Eva Allinger, Amy Heller und Charlotte Eng, Christiane Kalantari, Finbarr B. Flood, Marialaura Di Mattia, Hubert Feiglstorfer), III. Transformationsmuster in Tibet, Nepal, Mongolei und Zentralasien (Lewis Doney, Quentin Devers, Marie Lecomte-Tilouine, Isabelle Charleux, Ágnes Birtalan, Maria-Katharina Lang). The proceedings of the Third International SEECHAC Colloquium, held in Vienna in 2013, are devoted to the topic “Interaction in the Himalayas and Central Asia”. Divided into three parts – I. Transfer and Interaction in Central Asia and Tibet; II. Translation and Adoption of Art and Architecture in the Western Himalayas; III. Patterns of Transformation in Tibet, Nepal, Mongolia and Central Asia – and preceded by an introduction by Christian Jahoda, past and current transformation processes of social, religious and material culture are addressed in 19 original contributions by experts from various fields of knowledge and disciplines including archaeology, architecture, art history and social anthropology as well as Central Asian, Mongolian and Tibetan Studies: Eva Allinger, Ágnes Birtalan, Isabelle Charleux, Quentin Devers, Marialaura Di Mattia, Lewis Doney, Lhagvasuren Erdenebold, Finbarr B. Flood, Hubert Feiglstorfer, Frantz Grenet, Amy Heller and Charlotte Eng, Christiane Kalantari, Maria-Katharina Lang, Marie Lecomte-Tilouine, Ciro Lo Muzio, Élise Luneau, Oscar Nalesini, David Pritzker and Tianshu Zhu.

Process of Transfer, Translation and Transformation in Art, Archaeology, Religion and Polity

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Interaction in the Himalayas and Central Asia

MOVING AHEAD | REFERENCES | PROLOG / PROLOGUE | CINGGIS QAAN ODER DAS BLAU DES HIMMELS | CUCKOO | NOMADIC ARTEFACTS IN VIENNA | ABOUT THIS BOOK | ARTEFACTS TRANSFERS AND OBJECT NARRATIONS | TEMPLE AND/OR MUSEUM | TRAVELOGUE | AUTHORS | FOREWORD | MUSEUM CONSTRUCTION, TRANSITION AND TRANSFORMATION

Nomadic Artefacts. A Scientific Artistic Travelogue; eine Sammlung von wissenschaftlichen Essays, Bildern, Gedichten und Narrationen; nachgezeichnet anhand der Geschichte ethnografischer Artefakte aus der Mongolei. Der Titel bezieht sich auf zwei Hauptfacetten des Buches: einerseits die Untersuchung der Bewegungslinien bestimmter ethnografischer Objekte und ihrer Provenienz bis hin zu ihren derzeitigen Aufbewahrungsorten in Museumssammlungen; andererseits die Entwicklung ethnografischer Sammlungen in Österreich, im Speziellen des Weltmuseums Wien, sowie die Entstehung und Veränderungen von Museen in der Mongolei. Die Auswirkungen der politischen Repressionen auf beteiligte Wissenschafterinnen und Wissenschafter, Museen und Tempel werden dargelegt. Die im zweiten Teil des Buches mit „Travelogue“ überschriebenen Beiträge spiegeln in kaleidoskopischen Fragmenten Erinnerungen an die vielfältigen Orte und Knotenpunkte der Mongolei. Eine essayistische Fotocollage, Narrationen zu Objekten, ein Gedicht von Jamtsyn Badraa und eine für dieses Buch und die gleichnamige Ausstellung geschriebene Ballade von Christoph Ransmayr stellen die Reisen in die vielschichtigen Erinnerungen und Imaginationen dar.

Mit Beiträgen von Maria-Katharina Lang, Barbara Plankensteiner, Baatarnarany Tsetsentsolmon, Georg Czernin, Charles Ramble, Jamtsyn Badraa und Christoph Ransmayr. Ein künstlerisch gestalteter Band mit zahlreichen Abbildungen. Grafik: Johannes Heuer.  omadic Artefacts. A Scientific Artistic Travelogue; a collection of scientific essays, images, poems and narrations; drawn from the history of ethnographic artefacts from Mongolia.



The title relates to the two main facets of this volume: first the examination of the trajectories of certain ethnographic objects and their provenance right up to their present depositories in museum collections, and secondly the development of ethnographic collections in Austria, specifically the Weltmuseum Wien, as well as the establishment and transformations of museums in Mongolia. The effects of the political repressions on scientists, museums and temples are documented. The loose contributions in the second half of the book under the heading “Travelogue” reflect the memory of the diverse sites and intersections of Mongolia in kaleidoscopic fragments. An essayistic photo-collage, narrations on objects, a poem by Jamtsyn Badraa and a ballad by Christoph Ransmayr written for this book and the eponymous exhibition illustrate the journey through the multilayered memories and imaginations.



With contributions by Maria-Katharina Lang, Barbara Plankensteiner, Baatarnarany Tsetsentsolmon, Georg Czernin, Charles Ramble, Jamtsyn Badraa and Christoph Ransmayr. An artistically produced volume with numerous illustrations. Graphic layout: Johannes Heuer. 

A Scientific Artistic Travelogue

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Nomadic Artefacts

The Collector and the Collections | Mongolian Buddhism: Identity, Practice and Politics | Tsakli, Thangkas, Prints, Amulets and Manuscripts | Types of Votive Plaque [tshatsha] in the Leder Collections | A Maitreya [tshatsha] in the Leder Collections | The Tsam Figures in Leder´s Collections - A Reunion | The Khüree-Tsam and its Relations with the Tsam Figures of the Leder Collections | Cagān Öwgön - The White Old Man in the Leder Collections. The Textual and Iconographic Tradition of the Cult of the White Old Man among the Mongols | The Depictions of the Five Personal Protective Deities in the Leder Collections | Equestrian Warrior Deities in the Leder Collections. Some Aspects of the Mongolian War God | Various Depictions of Zanabazar | Different Types of Prayer Flag in the Leder Collections | The Stronghold of Good Luck. A Unique Representation Connecting to the Cult of Prayer Flag | List of Contributors - References | Figures Kap. III | Figures Kap. IV | Figures Kap. V | Figures Kap. VI | Figures Kap. VIII | Figures Kap. IX | Figures Kap. X | Figures Kap. XI | Figures Kap. XII | Figures Kap. XIII

This volume presents the results of a project realised within the research programme Research at Museums (forMuse). Selected objects from the collections of the Austrian research traveller and collector Hans Leder (1843–1921), which are located at the Weltmuseum Vienna and other ethnographic museums in Central Europe, are reunited here for the first time. These are primarily Buddhist ritual items of daily life in northern Mongolia around 1900. Following an introduction to the history of the collection, with numerous original quotations by the collector, and historic and recent insights to Mongolian Buddhism, specific object groups are presented and described. An illustrated section within this appealingly designed book shows as yet unpublished object photographs that were taken during the project. The volume brings together descriptions of artefacts from multiple points of view. The interdisciplinary project team thus provides a new approach to a collection of Mongolian art which is unique in its abundance and authenticity. With contributions by Ágnes Birtalan, Olaf Czaja, Béla Kelényi, Maria-Katharina Lang, Lhagvademchig S. Jadamba and Krisztina Teleki. 

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The Mongolian Collections. Retracing Hans Leder

Der Sammler Hans Leder | Die Sammlung im MVK Wien | Die Objekte I | Die Objekte II | Die Objekte III | Die Objekte IV | Hans Leders Sammlungen in europäischen Museen | Mongolei: Spiegelungen der Objekte im Kontext der Gegenwart | Ausblick: Ausstellungskonzept | Bibliographie

Die größte Sammlung mongolischer Ethnographica in Europa geht auf den österreichischen Forschungsreisenden Hans Leder (1848–1921) zurück, den entomologische Forschungen 1892 von Südsibirien in die Mongolei führten. Auf weiteren Reisen in die Nördliche Mongolei zwischen 1892 und 1905 begann Leder vorwiegend mongolischbuddhistische Ritualobjekte zu sammeln und zu erforschen. Ein Teil dieser Sammlung befindet sich im Museum für Völkerkunde Wien; weitere Sammlungsteile werden in ethnographischen Museen in Deutschland, Tschechien und Ungarn aufbewahrt. In dem auf einem Projektbericht basierenden Buch werden bisher unveröffentlichte Archivdokumente und Abbildungen von Objekten dieser Sammlung, ein Einblick in die Biographie des Sammlers und die verzweigte Geschichte der Sammlung sowie die Ikonographie der Artefakte publiziert. Die Einzigartigkeit der Sammlung liegt in der Momentaufnahme der religiösen Alltagskultur in der Nordmongolei um 1900. Dieser Teil der mongolischen Kultur wurde zunehmend verdrängt und in den späten 1930er Jahren zu einem großen Teil zerstört. Der Umgang mit sakralen Objekten und deren Bedeutung nach Einführung der Demokratie 1990 wird in dem vorliegenden Buch thematisiert.



The most extensive collection of Mongolian ethnographica in Europe goes back to the Austrian explorer Hans Leder (1848–1921). In 1892, his entomological studies led him from southern Siberia to Northern Mongolia. During further stays in Mongolia between 1892 and 1905, Leder collected and studied mainly Mongolian-Buddhist ritual items. A portion of his extensive collection is housed in the Museum of Ethnology Vienna, with further parts preserved in the major museums of ethnography in Germany, the Czech Republic and Hungary. This volume, based on a project report, releases previously unpublished archival data and depictions of museum artefacts, offers details about the collector’s biography and the intricate history of the collection, and discusses the artefacts’ iconography. The collection is unique as it represents a snapshot of everyday religious culture in Northern Mongolia at the turn of the 19th century. This part of Mongolian culture was increasingly repressed, and by the late 1930s it was nearly destroyed completely. The present publication also discusses the interaction with sacred artefacts and their meanings since the establishment of democracy in Mongolia in 1990. The most extensive collection of Mongolian ethnographica in Europe goes back to the Austrian explorer Hans Leder (1848–1921). In 1892, his entomological studies led him from southern Siberia to Northern Mongolia. During further stays in Mongolia between 1892 and 1905, Leder collected and studied mainly Mongolian-Buddhist ritual items. A portion of his extensive collection is housed in the Museum of Ethnology Vienna, with further parts preserved in the major museums of ethnography in Germany, the Czech Republic and Hungary. This volume, based on a project report, releases previously unpublished archival data and depictions of museum artefacts, offers details about the collector’s biography and the intricate history of the collection, and discusses the artefacts’ iconography. The collection is unique as it represents a snapshot of everyday religious culture in Northern Mongolia at the turn of the 19th century. This part of Mongolian culture was increasingly repressed, and by the late 1930s it was nearly destroyed completely. The present publication also discusses the interaction with sacred artefacts and their meanings since the establishment of democracy in Mongolia in 1990. 

Die Sammlung Hans Leder im Museum für Völkerkunde Wien

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Maria-Katharina Lang

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Interaction in the Himalayas and Central Asia

Nomadic Artefacts

The Mongolian Collections. Retracing Hans Leder

Mongolische Ethnographica in Wien