ÖAW
Produkte

Beiträge zur Rechtsgeschichte Österreichs, 7. Jahrgang, Heft 2/2017

Beiträge zur Rechtsgeschichte Österreichs, 7. Jahrgang, Heft 2/2017
Privatrecht in unsicheren Zeiten Zivilgerichtsbarkeit im Nationalsozialismus
Nummer:
7
Jahrgang:
2017
Heft:
2
1. Auflage, 2016
Franz-Stefan MEISSEL, Wien "Privatrecht in unsicheren Zeiten" Zur Einführung Martin LÖHNIG, Regensburg Generalklauseln in der Rechtsprechung der österreichischen Senate des Reichsgerichts 1939-1945 Eine Studie auf Grundlage der Wiener Reichsgerichtsakten Jan THIESSEN, Berlin "Anschluss" an die "Arisierung" Drei wirtschaftsrechtliche Reichsgerichtsfälle aus Österreich Benjamin BUKOR, Wien Die Entwicklung des österreichischen Abstammungsrechts in der NS-Zeit im Lichte der Rechtsprechung des LGZ/LG Wien und des Reichsgerichts Stephanie HANEL, Wien Das "gesunde Volksempfinden" und das Testamentsrecht §48 Abs. 2 TestG in der Rechtsprechung des LG WIen von 1938-1945 Stefan WEDRAC, Wien Die politische Einstellung der Richter des Präsidiums und des Geschäftsbereiches Zivil- und Handelssachen des Landgerichts Wien 1942 Versuch einer Kollektivbiographie Lilly LEITNER, Wien Arisierungen im Spiegel der Judikatur des Landgerichts Wien in der NS-Zeit Victoria STICKELBERGER, Wien Die Stimme des Blutes Rassisch motivierte Ehetrennungen in der Judikatur des LG für ZRS Wien 1938/39 Susanne K. PAAS, Köln Das Bewegliche System im Spiegel nationalsozialistischer Gesetzgebungsdebatten
Erhältlich als

Details

"Privatrecht in unsicheren Zeiten". Zur Einführung
To what degree do civil law judgments from the period of National Socialism in Austria reflect Nazi ideology? How did judges comply with the Nazi regime's racist and totalitarian legal policies? Did Nazi judges prefer to rely on a positivist application of National Socialist legislation or did they instead use an extensive interpretation of the 'general clauses' of Civil Law to promote the National Socialist ideology? The article presents the state of research with regard to these questions and points out in which ways the analysis of still extant holdings of Viennese civil law courts from 1938 to 1945 contributes to a better understanding of the possibilities and constraints of judicial 'autonomy' in Private Law jurisdiction in Austria 1938 to 1945. Historical research using the preserved documents from the Viennese Regional Court (Landgericht Wien) reveals a broad variety of methodological approaches and highlights the difficulty of associating one specific legal methodology with a National Socialist partisanship of judges.
Schlagworte: Civil Law Jurisdiction, Interpretation of Law, Legal Methods, Legal Theory, National Socialist Legal Policy, National Socialist Private Law
PDF
0,00 €
Open Access

Generalklauseln in der Rechtsprechung der österreichischen Senate des Reichsgerichts 1939-1945. Eine Studie auf Grundlage der Wiener Reichsgerichtsakten
This article examines the still unpublished judgements of the Supreme Court of the German 'Reich' applying general clauses of Austrian law within its Senates' jurisdiction. The analysis focuses on the categories of unconscionability ('contra bonos mores') in s. 879 of the Austrian General Civil Law Code (ABGB), good faith ('Treu und Glauben') and so-called 'healthy popular sensibilities' ('gesundes Volksempfinden') in s. 48 of the Testaments Act (TestG).
Schlagworte: Analysis of judicature, General clauses, Private law, Supreme Court of the German Reich
PDF
0,00 €
Open Access

"Anschluss" an die "Arisierung". Drei wirtschaftsrechtliche Reichsgerichtsfälle aus Österreich
When Nazi Germany annexed Austria in 1938, German decrees on 'de-Jewification' ('Entjudung') or 'Aryanization' ('Arisierung') were applied to 'Jewish' enterprises in Austria. As the jurisdiction of the Reichsgericht (German Supreme Court) was eventually extended to Austria, the Reichsgericht had to rule on several Austrian lawsuits regarding the 'de-Jewification', In two cases, the II. Zivilsenat (special section of the Reichsgericht ruling on business law) refrained from arbitrating the disputes between several Austrian looters ('Ariseure') of 'Jewish' enterprises, refusing to privilege one looter over another. In a third case, the court confirmed that the 'Aryan' widow of a former chairman of a 'Jewish' corporation was entitled to the full amount of pension earnings, stating that the merits of the chairman and the previous Jewish owners should be rewarded. However, the II. Zivilsenat of the Reichsgericht accepted the decrees on 'de-Jewification' as binding statutory law. This article tells the story of these three particular lawsuits within the context of other business law cases in Nazi Germany.
Schlagworte: Anti-Semitism, Annexation of Austria, Business Law, German Law, German Supreme Court, Nazi Germany
PDF
0,00 €
Open Access

Die Entwicklung des österreichischen Abstammungsrechts in der NS-Zeit im Lichte der Rechtsprechung des LGZ/LG Wien und des Reichsgerichts
As part of the research project “Privatrecht in unsicheren Zeiten – Österreichische Zivilrechtsjudikatur unter der NS-Herrschaft” (Private Law in Perilous Times – Austrian Civil Law Judicature under National Socialist Rule), the author was given the opportunity to write a doctoral thesis in which the development of Austrian lineage law during the period of National Socialism was thoroughly reviewed for the first time. This article presents a summary of the research and its results: Judgements of the Vienna Regional Court and the Austrian Senate of the ‘Reichsgericht’ are used to analyse how the judges dealt with the contradiction between statute and ideology. In addition to the legal framework, other factors that were decisive for the courts, such as the introduction of new types of evidence and the influence of National Socialist and state authorities, are also considered.
Schlagworte: Austria, Civil law, Law of lineage, marriage law, National Socialism, Paternity
PDF
0,00 €
Open Access

Das "gesunde Volksempfinden" und das Testamentsrecht. §48 Abs. 2 TestG in der Rechtsprechung des LG WIen von 1938-1945
In the course of the inheritance law reform of 1938, the Testaments Act (Testamentsgesetz, TestG) was enacted, changing, and sometimes liberalizing, the formal requirements for testaments. This article sets out to analyze the provisions of s. 48(2) TestG, which were meant to counterbalance the liberalization by imposing an obligation for testators to comply with the so-called “healthy popular sensibilities” of the ‘Aryan’ German community. Noncompliance with this obligation implied the nullity of the testament. The article analyzes the interpretation of s. 48(2) TestG in the rulings of the Vienna Regional Court from 1938 to 1945.
Schlagworte: § 48 Abs. 2 TestG, Austrian Civil Jurisdiction, Generalklausel (general clause), „Gesundes Volksempfinden“ (“healthy popular sensibilities”), Inheritance Law
PDF
0,00 €
Open Access

Die politische Einstellung der Richter des Präsidiums und des Geschäftsbereiches Zivil- und Handelssachen des Landgerichts Wien 1942<br>Versuch einer Kollektivbiographie
This article sets out to create a political collective biography of 64 judges of the civil law division of the Viennese Regional Court that were active in 1942. Of these judges, the political view before and after 1938 was examined. Before 1938, about 40 percent belonged to German national or national socialist parties; after 1938 over 70 percent were active in the Nazi party, its branches or affiliated organizations.
Schlagworte: 1938/45, Austrian contemporary history, Austrian judges, Collective biography, Courts in Vienna, NS-era, Nazi party, legal history, Private law jurisdiction
PDF
0,00 €
Open Access

Arisierungen im Spiegel der Judikatur des Landgerichts Wien in der NS-Zeit
Much has been written about the process of Austrian “aryanisations”; this paper, however, aims to describe how “aryanisations” are reflected in the civil judicial decisions of the Regional Court of Vienna (Landgericht Wien) from the Nazi period. For that purpose, 28 court files were analysed, of which 13 resulted in a court ruling. The paper concerns exclusively the “aryanisations” of sole proprietorships and points out the most common difficulties and questions arising from the transfer of “Jewish” assets into “Aryan hands”. This includes, for instance, the uncertain effects of National Socialist provisions in civil court procedures, the intervention of the Property Transactions Office (Vermögensverkehrsstelle) and its impact on the price agreement of the parties, as well as the question of the legal basis of “aryanisations”. It is demonstrated that the economic interests of the National Socialist state were respected by the courts and that its institutions and regulations were taken into account and included in the decision-making practice of the Regional Court of Vienna (Landgericht Wien). The work concludes that – based on the small sample of decisions analysed – there was nevertheless a basic tendency to adhere to the traditional principles of civil law, specifically private autonomy and the sanctity of contracts, in litigations involving “Jewish” and “Aryan” individuals.
Schlagworte: civil contracts, compulsory sales, systematic exclusion of “Jews” from businesses and society, interventions of administrative authorities, Property Transactions Office (Vermögensverkehrsstelle)
PDF
0,00 €
Open Access

Die Stimme des Blutes. Rassisch motivierte Ehetrennungen in der Judikatur des LG für ZRS Wien 1938/39
National Socialists regarded families as “germ cell(s) of the nation”. Marriages had to serve the nation and guarantee for the future of the ‘Aryan race’. Therefore, family law was of particular interest to the National Socialists. Although the Austrian General Civil Code (ABGB) remained in force throughout the Nazi era, parts of the Austrian jurisdiction included the racial aspects of the Nazi ideology into their verdicts as soon as the National Socialists had come into power. Judges resorted to s. 115 ABGB to separate intermarriages and argued that the racial differences between the spouses had caused their “insurmountable differences”. The divorce of intermarriages was not regulated in the Marriage Act 1938, although the ‘Nazi jurisdiction’ referred to s. 37 Marriage Act 1938 to separate “undesirable intermarriages”. However, the files on which the research is based showed no consistent judicial practice. The verdicts used for and/or referred to in the article were processed in the course of the FWF funded research project “Privatrecht in unsicheren Zeiten – Österreichische Zivilrechtsjudikatur unter der NS Herrschaft”, headed by Univ. Prof. Dr. Franz Stefan Meissel.
Schlagworte: annulment, divorce, intermarriage, judicial practice, Marriage Act 1938, racial differences, World War II
PDF
0,00 €
Open Access

Das Bewegliche System im Spiegel nationalsozialistischer Gesetzgebungsdebatten
PDF
0,00 €
Open Access

Ausgabe:
978-3-7001-8206-1, Zeitschriftenausgabe, broschiert, 16.12.2016
Auflage:
1. Auflage
Seitenzahl:
147 Seiten
Format:
29,7x21cm
Sprache:
Deutsch
DOI (Link zur Online Edition):

Weitere Titel zum Thema