Österreichische Zeitschrift für Kunst und Denkmalpflege LXXVII, Heft 3
Generalsanierung des Parlamentsgebäudes 2018–2022
Nummer:
LXXVII
Jahrgang:
2023
Heft:
3
1. Auflage, 2024
Die vorliegende Ausgabe, LXXVII, 2023, Heft 3, ist der fünfjährigen Generalsanierung des österreichischen Parlamentsgebäudes gewidmet.
Nach einem allgemeinen Überblick von Sylvia Schönolt zur Baugeschichte inklusive der prägenden Phase des Wiederaufbaus und der Generalsanierung folgen zuerst Beiträge zur Konservierung und Restaurierung des historischen Sitzungssaals, dem heutigen Saal der Bundesversammlung. Die Beiträge widmen sich den Metalloberflächen (Ursula Dorfner und Katrin Herzele), August Eisenmengers Gemäldefries „Die Entstehung des Staats- und parlamentarischen Lebens“ (Bettina Fischer und Ágnes Szökrön-Michl), der Dekorationsmalerei (Helfried Karner und Michal Kosco), der Holzausstattung (Peter Kopp), Stuccolustro und Stuckmarmor (Thomas Titze) und der Natursteinausstattung (Iris Bermoser, Bruno Rey und Emanuel Schaden). Danach folgen Berichte zur Konservierung und Restaurierung des Sitzungssaals des Nationalrats, von den Voruntersuchungen (Peter Kopp), zur Restaurierung des Bundesadlers (Christian Reisinger und Erich Neuhauser) und zur restauratorischen Begleitung der Arbeiten im Nationalratssitzungssaal (Sandra Chesi, Friedrich Nussbaumer und Katharina Schwarzenegger) sowie zur Befundung (Ursula Dorfner und Katrin Herzele) und Restaurierung (Christian Reisinger und Erich Neuhauser) der Ministerstiege und zur exemplarischen Teilrekonstruktion der verdeckten malerischen Ausstattung der Parlamentsbibliothek (Franka Bindernagel).
Den Abschluss der vorliegenden Ausgabe bildet die Beschäftigung mit der Fassade des Parlamentsgebäudes (Sylvia Schönolt), der Geschichte, Untersuchung und Rekonstruktion der polychromen Fassungsachse II der Fassade (Markus Pescoller), der Wiederherstellung der formalen Unversehrtheit der Natursteinfriese der Fassade (Iris Bermoser, Bruno Rey und Emanuel Schaden) und mit den Untersuchungen zu den Attikafiguren des Parlamentsgebäudes (Anja Haralter-Tupi, Katharina Fuchs und Johann Nimmrichter).
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Impressionen
Seite 9 - 55 | doi: https://doi.org/10.1553/oezkd2023-03s9
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Das Hohe Haus erblüht nach fünfjähriger Generalsanierung in neuer Pracht
Sylvia Schönolt
Seite 57 - 71 | doi: https://doi.org/10.1553/oezkd2023-03s57
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Der Bundesversammlungssaal – ein Gesamtkunstwerk. Zur Restaurierung der Metalloberflächen
Among the varieties of metal objects to be found in the Federal Assembly Hall (Bundesversammlungssaal), many showed only occasional signs of wear and tear. Two such varieties are described in this article by way of example. The oil-gilded, zinc cast surfaces exhibited superficial dirt and partial imperfections. A dry cleaning procedure was carried out, the surfaces were treated with surfactants, and the imperfections in the gilding were retouched. The exposed brass surfaces were originally lacquered, but due to use and cleaning, this finish is now almost non-existent. The surfaces are now covered with a matte film of tarnish. In addition to general surface contamination, corrosion and mechanical damage have also resulted in an inhomogeneous appearance. White spirit was used to clean the surfaces and the products of corrosion were mechanically reduced. Three dimensionality and a homogeneous appearance were achieved.
Schlagworte:
Ursula Dorfner - Katrin Herzele
Seite 72 - 75 | doi: https://doi.org/10.1553/oezkd2023-03s72
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Konservierung und Restaurierung des Gemäldefrieses. „Die Entstehung des Staats- und parlamentarischen Lebens“ von August Eisenmenger
As part of the restoration work, August Eisenmenger’s painting – the oldest wall-mounted frieze in the parliament building – underwent in-depth investigations and restoration work. The cycle of paintings was created using marouflage, an artistic technique that became extremely popular in the nineteenth century, when the monumental buildings that line Vienna’s Ringstrasse boulevard were erected. The finished paintings were glued to the wall in situ, making them integral to the interior design concept of the State Hall. Although no details of previous restoration work have been found, it can be assumed that extensive revisions were carried out in the past. The paintings were in a very stable condition; hence, the objective of the restoration process was narrowed down to minimal conservation measures supplemented by partial restorative treatments.
Schlagworte:
Bettina Fischer - Agnes Szökrön-Michl
Seite 76 - 80 | doi: https://doi.org/10.1553/oezkd2023-03s76
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Dekorationsmalerei im Bundesversammlungssaal
The results of the restorative cleaning of surfaces
served as the starting point for monument conservation
measures. Questions frequently arose about the
handling of earlier interventions and the appropriate
integration of modern building technology into the
existing structure. An increased pattern of damage was
detected on the ceiling that envelops the hall. Both wet
and dry cleaning procedures were carried out. Desalination,
strengthening and fixation measures were taken
in high-stress areas. Three-dimensional enhancements
called for sculptural modelling and reconstructions.
The process of restoring the surfaces of the paintings
involved various decorative painting techniques, such
as retouching and stencilling. A major water ingress
problem caused an unfortunate setback, damaging
one of the finished sections. Following substantial
restoration work on the stucco body and efforts to
diminish any distracting abnormalities, the aim was to
improve the overall appearance of the ceiling, restoring
cohesion without masking its historical patina. The
objective was to preserve the original substance of the
building as far as possible and to safeguard it for the
future. Where possible, subsequent treatments were
also incorporated.
Schlagworte:
Helfried Karner - Michal Kosco
Seite 81 - 83 | doi: https://doi.org/10.1553/oezkd2023-03s81
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Restaurierung der Holzausstattung des Bundesversammlungssaals
The hall of the Federal Assembly – originally the meeting room of the House of Representatives and now also referred to as the „historical meeting room“ – is the largest mainly unchanged space in the parliament building. Numerous detailed drawings by Theophil Hansen attest to the authenticity of the furnishings. In addition to the use of oak wood for furniture and floors, the surfaces of the wood paneling were artistically decorated with imitation techniques in the form of marbling and graining. Over time, parts of the wooden furnishings were revised and altered by later additions. During restoration, on one hand, installations for contemporary technology were invisibly integrated by the removal and reinstallationof the historical herringbone parquet, and on the other hand, later additions were largely removed, and changes were reverted to the original state. The heavily soiled surfaces were cleaned using wet-chemical processes, maintenance layers and overpaints were removed with the help of infrared lasers. Missing areas of woodwork and imitation painting were reconstructed using historical techniques, and gaps and damages in the painting were filled and retouched. The goal of the restoration was to achieve a cohesive overall picture corresponding to the age of the hall, as close as possible to Theophil Hansen‘s original conception.
Schlagworte:
Peter Kopp
Seite 84 - 88 | doi: https://doi.org/10.1553/oezkd2023-03s84
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Stuccolustro und Stuckmarmor. Befundung und Restaurierung im Bundesversammlungssaal
The parliament building has a strikingly cohesive, carefully
considered use of stucco lustro, stucco marble
and natural stone surfaces. All three materials were
used in the Federal Council Chamber to reflect the
importance of the hall, and zoning of the wall surfaces
was achieved in the process. Stucco lustro was used
for the “insignificant” area towards the top of the wall,
whereas the lower zones were divided up with stone
detailing and high-quality stucco marble décor. The
monument conservation assessment found that for the
most part, the wall structure remained in its original
condition. Challenges faced by the restorers included
the lack of information about the original formulae for
the paintwork on the stucco lustro surfaces and the
extremely high level of craftsmanship in the stucco
marble and stucco lustro surfaces. The end result of
the restoration process sees the Federal Assembly Hall
returned to its original splendour.
Schlagworte:
Thomas Titze
Seite 89 - 95 | doi: https://doi.org/10.1553/oezkd2023-03s89
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Restaurierung der historischen Natursteinausstattung im Bundesversammlungssaal. Zwischen Minimaleingriff und Neuvergoldung
The stone décor in the Federal Assembly Hall consists of various specimens of polishable coloured limestone and white marble. The stone surfaces in various areas, including door surrounds and the pedestals for the telamon and caryatid figures, were designed with gilding and polychrome ‘Lüsterfassung’ (a translucent colour glaze). While the space as a whole makes a very intact overall impression, the gilding and paintwork inthe easily accessible areas are severely damaged. The decision was made to repair the surface design in the most damaged areas by regilding and refreshing the polychromy. In the surrounding areas, the more minimalist restoration concept devised for the project as a whole was applied. The aim of this varied approach was to ensure a harmonious transition between the recently finished areas and the aged appearance of the existing surfaces.
Schlagworte:
Iris Bermoser - Bruno Rey
Seite 96 - 99 | doi: https://doi.org/10.1553/oezkd2023-03s96
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Voruntersuchungen im Nationalratssitzungssaal
Max Fellerer and Eugen Wörle were responsible for the
overall reconstruction of the parliament building after
it suffered severe damage during World War II. Certain
areas, culminating in the National Council Chamber (Nationalratssitzungssaal)
were remodelled in the simple,
formally abstract design language that emerged during
the 1950s. As well as working to the meagre budget
afforded in the era of post-war reconstruction, the architects’
design also succeeded in creating completely
new spatial qualities for the Plenary Hall (Plenarsaal) and
adjoining corridor area (Couloir, which were designed in
the form of a wide corridor with rest areas and provide
access to the radially arranged meeting rooms. Also
significantly, the design was not limited to the cladding
of the wall surfaces; in addition to fire-retardant materials,
soundproofing material was also integrated into
the construction of the substructures, which improved
the acoustics of the space considerably.
Schlagworte:
Peter Kopp
Seite 100 - 103 | doi: https://doi.org/10.1553/oezkd2023-03s100
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Zur Restaurierung des Bundesadlers im Sitzungssaal des Nationalrats
The heraldic steel eagle makes its own distinctive mark on the National Council Chamber. Measuring 2.27 metres in height and with a wingspan of 3.86 metres, it cuts a powerful figure. The eagle, created in 1954 by Rudolf Hoflehner, is based on the sculptor’s own design and weighs around 650 kilogrammes. It consists of five main parts: the left and right wings, torso and breastplate are attached to a supporting structure at the centre of the sculpture. All parts are cut from solid 10 millimetre-thick steel plates (some of which are curved) and have been subsequently arc welded together. The sculpture is secured to the wall with five cylindrical steel bolts measuring 4.5 centimetres in diameter and 3.8 centimetres in length. The bolts are inserted into steel sheathing in the wall. The heraldic eagle was restored in situ in 2012. In 2018, during the renovation of the parliament building, it was taken down and temporarily stored near Wiener Neustadt. In the summer of 2019 it was transported to Metallwerkstatt C. Reisinger, the metal workshop where it was subsequently restored and preserved. When the sculpture, restored to its “former glory”, was returned to the parliament building in the summer of 2021 and mounted in its rightful place behind the president’s lectern, many media outlets reported that “the eagle had landed smoothly”.
Schlagworte:
Christian Reisinger
Seite 104 - 105 | doi: https://doi.org/10.1553/oezkd2023-03s104
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Kompromisse, Kreativität und die Vereinigung von Fachsprachen. Restauratorische Begleitung der Arbeiten im Nationalratssitzungssaal und in den Couloirs
Monument restoration is a multifaceted process that
combines research, planning and practice. It therefore
brings together a variety of specialist disciplines which,
despite their different terminologies, all work towards
a common goal: preserving the cultural heritage and
its integral place in the extant setting. To begin with,
complex information must be collected and interpreted
in context. Other important factors that contribute to
successful project execution are identifying the necessary
measures to be taken and making concrete plans.
The following article sheds light on the perspective
and experience of overseeing the restoration of the
National Council Chamber and corridor area in Vienna’s
parliament building. The aim here is to describe how
overseeing the restoration project works and to explain
approaches to ensuring an optimal connection between
theory and practice, as well as ways of achieving a
jointly defined outcome. This is a process that poses
many challenges and therefore requires not only specialist
expertise, but also creativity and the ability to
compromise in order to achieve a common aim.
Schlagworte:
Sandra Chesi - Friedrich Nussbaumer - Katharina Schwarzenegger
Seite 106 - 109 | doi: https://doi.org/10.1553/oezkd2023-03s106
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Eine „Engelsgleiche“. Zur Befundung der Ministerstiege
Four grand staircases lead to the first floor of the parliament building in Vienna.The of the stairs, featuring herms, floral décor, chains and medallions, are based on a design by Theophil Hansen. The ministerial staircase (Ministerstiege) located in the south-eastern part of the building was inspected as part of the preliminary inventories and assessments. The purpose of visual checks and scientific examinations was to find out more about the material and coating system used. The results laid the foundations for the subsequently defined restoration measures.
Schlagworte:
Ursula Dorfner - Katrin Herzele
Seite 110 - 113 | doi: https://doi.org/10.1553/oezkd2023-03s110
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Restaurierung der Ministerstiege im Parlament
The ministerial staircase is one of four similarly constructed
grand staircases in the parliament building.
Theophil Hansen’s attention to detail is particularly
pronounced in his work on the ministerial staircase.
One example of this is the wide variety of ball chains
between the herms. The spaces between the herms
are filled with the aforementioned suspended chains,
which consist of balls, medallions and bells of varying
sizes. Two additional delicate, vertical rounded rods
were installed on site to further reduce the spaces
between the herms by the stairwell and in the breastwork.
Several volutes, acanthus leaves and lion heads
complete the sumptuous impression created by the
ministerial staircase. The damage described in the
report was substantial. Many of the decorative trims
had to be supplemented and replaced. At the outset
of the restoration process, the task of repairing the
chains seemed almost impossible. The result of thorough,
gentle cleaning and a great deal of retouching
and professional conservation was an outstanding feat
of restoration.
Schlagworte:
Christian Reisinger - Erich Neuhauser
Seite 114 - 116 | doi: https://doi.org/10.1553/oezkd2023-03s114
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Die Parlamentsbibliothek. Exemplarische Teilrekonstruktion der verdeckten malerischen Ausstattung
Theophil Hansen’s idea of Greek-style polychromy is ubiquitous throughout the rooms of the parliament building. However, not all of the surfaces have survived to this day; many have simply been covered up over the decades. The library is a case in point: here, numerous usage-related changes, renovations and additions have greatly altered and impacted the appearance of this part of the building. The original design and interior of the library hall were retraced as part of the research effort for the restoration project. The well-preserved wooden furnishings and the essentially unaltered spatial structure of the hall attracted the interest of monument conservators, who recognised the potential for restoration here. The planning phase focused on such matters as devising a concept for dealing with the individual spaces and material surfaces; during this stage, the restorers set up test areas in the library. In addition to the treatment of the wooden, stone and metal surfaces, the exemplary partial reconstruction of the interior was intended to convey an idea of the appearance that could be achieved. This article provides insights into the concept, implementation and outcome of this partial reconstruction.
Schlagworte:
Franka Bindernagel
Seite 117 - 124 | doi: https://doi.org/10.1553/oezkd2023-03s117
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Die Fassaden des Parlamentsgebäudes
Although the facades of the parliament building were
restored in various stages from the mid-1990s through
to 2007, the need for further action was identified during
the course of the major renovation project. The aim
was to restore the main facade on the Ringstrasse side
to its former glory and to improve the overall appearance
of the other facades. The parliament building’s
street facades, built in various kinds of natural stone,
were therefore refurbished according to their presence
in the urban space: comprehensive restoration work
was carried out on the main facade, while various
techniques were used to clean and perform technical
repairs on the other facades. The courtyard frontage,
a combination of natural stone elements with rendered
surfaces, was largely refurbished in keeping with the
existing structure.
Schlagworte:
Sylvia Schönolt
Seite 125 - 126 | doi: https://doi.org/10.1553/oezkd2023-03s125
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Polychrome Fassungsachse II an der Fassade des Parlamentsgebäudes. Geschichte, Untersuchung und Rekonstruktion
The cleaning of Theophil Hansen’s painted axis on the
south-eastern corner of the parliament building during
the major overhaul provided an opportunity to explore
the history of its restoration in greater detail in order
to determine the original paintwork for the reconstruction.
Laboratory analyses were carried out alongside
this investigation and the results were synchronised
with the existing building. The reconstruction was
adapted to the aged appearance of the facade with
light patination.
Schlagworte:
Markus Pescoller
Seite 127 - 130 | doi: https://doi.org/10.1553/oezkd2023-03s127
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Natursteinfriese an der Fassade des Parlamentsgebäudes. Wiederherstellung der formalen Unversehrtheit
Long natural stone friezes adorn the lateral external facades at the level of the parliament building’s top storey. These friezes have been badly damaged in places and have developed major imperfections over time and due to former structural alterations. Measures taken during the course of the renovation project also called for further alterations to the substance of the friezes. The challenge was therefore to create an intact, visually pleasing appearance by rectifying the defects. Artificial stone reconstructions were produced on a large scale and in various dimensions for this purpose. The conservation measures were required to safeguard the heritage to the best possible extent while also making modern interventions.
Schlagworte:
Iris Bermoser - Bruno Rey - Emanuel Schaden
Seite 131 - 134 | doi: https://doi.org/10.1553/oezkd2023-03s131
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Attikafiguren des Wiener Parlamentsgebäudes. Untersuchungen zum Zustand und Maßnahmen zur Verbesserung der Standsicherheit
The roof parapet figures from Vienna’s parliament
building are not only unique in Austrian architecture in
terms of their design and number, but also on account
of their material composition. The marble used is very
much at the mercy of the Central European weather
conditions due to the extremely exposed position of
the figures. For the first time since the parliament was
erected over 130 years ago, the figures were taken
down and subsequently replaced, allowing the state
of their preservation to be examined in greater detail.
The investigative procedure used for this purpose
was ultrasonic pulse velocity measurement: a non-destructive
technique commonly used for dense rocks,
predominantly marble. Documents containing details
of investigations carried out during the last phase of
restoration (1998–2004) were helpful for ascertaining
the further conservation measures to be taken. The
measurements are described in more detail in the
following article, which also sets out the measures for
preserving the roof parapet figures.
Schlagworte:
Anja Haralter-Tupi - Katharina Fuchs - Johann Nimmrichter
Seite 135 - 141 | doi: https://doi.org/10.1553/oezkd2023-03s135
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English Abstracts
Seite 142 - 145
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Verzeichnis der Autorinnen und Autoren
Seite 146 - 146
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Abbildungsnachweis
Seite 147 - 147
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Ausgabe:
978-3-7001-9651-8, E-Journal, PDF, nicht barrierefrei, 22.04.2024
Ausgabe:
978-3-7001-9646-4, Zeitschriftenausgabe, broschiert, 09.04.2024
Auflage:
1. Auflage
Seitenzahl:
145 Seiten
Format:
29,5x21cm
Abbildungen:
zahlr. Farbabbildungen
Sprache:
Deutsch
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