This volume focuses on the 5th and 4th millennia BC in Western Anatolia and the East Aegean. The starting point for this is the investigation of the Chalcolithic settlement phases at Çukuriçi Höyük. The Middle and Late Chalcolithic timeframe discussed still represents one of the most insufficiently investigated periods in this region. In addition to an introduction to the terminology and chronology, a detailed discussion of the current state of research in the study area and the adjacent regions of the Dodecanese and Turkish Thrace is also provided. The large volume of new data from work over the past few decades allows discussion and assessment of the current chronology of the study area. The excavation results and material studies of the Late Chalcolithic at Çukuriçi Höyük represent the core of the book. Following a detailed assessment of the stratigraphy and the architecture of the settlement phases, analyses of the find material is provided. These include pottery, small finds, metal finds and stone objects, which are discussed with regard to their significance for the settlement phases of Çukuriçi Höyük. Moreover, 31 radiocarbon dates are included for absolute dating of the site. Thus, the find material of the Late Chalcolithic settlements at Çukuriçi Höyük provides the most important reference data for this period in western Turkey so far. Based on this research, it is possible to gain important insight into chronologically relevant pottery of the Middle and Late Copper Age. The results of these studies serve as basis for an initial assessment of possible factors that lead to socio-cultural developments in the Chalcolithic period in Western Anatolia and the East Aegean.