A Fine Blend of Mahāmudrā and Madhyamaka

The collection of twenty-six texts on non-conceptual realization is the result of blending the essence and tantric mahāmudrā teachings of Saraha, Nāgārjuna and Śavaripa with a particular form of Madhyamaka philosophy, called ‘non-abiding’ (apratiṣṭhāna), which aims at radically transcending any conceptual assessment of true reality. This goal is achieved by “withdrawing one’s attention” (amanasikāra) from anything that involves the duality of a perceived and perceiver. The result is a “luminous self-empowerment,” Maitrīpa’s (986–1063) final tantric analysis of amanasikāra. The collection of texts on non-conceptual realization plays a crucial role, as it constitutes, together with Naropa’s teachings, the main source of bKa’ brgyud lineages. The edition and translation of this collection is followed by another text attributed to Maitrīpa, the *Mahāmudrākanakamālā, which was translated by Mar pa Lo tsā ba Chos kyi blo gros (11th century) into Tibetan. The *Mahāmudrākanakamālā picks up on the themes of the collection and shows that all aspects of Maitrīpa’s mahāmudrā were indeed passed on to early bKa’ brgyud masters. Besides an English translation and analysis, the present publication contains a new edition of the available Sanskrit on the basis of the editio princeps by Haraprasad Shastri, the edition of the Studying Group of Sacred Tantric Texts at Taisho University, the Nepalese manuscript NGMPP B 22/24, and the manuscript no. 151 from the Todai University Library. The Tibetan edition of all texts is based on the Derge and Peking bsTan ‘gyur and the dPal spungs edition of Karmapa VII Chos grags rgya mtsho’s (1454–1506) Collection of Indian Mahāmudrā Works (Phyag rgya chen po’i rgya gzhung).