Mag. Dr.

Die vorliegende Monographie von Teresa Bürge widmet sich der materiellen Kultur der Stadt Tell Abu al-Kharaz im nördlichen Jordantal. Ausgangspunkt ist ein einzigartig gut erhaltenes Gebäude aus der frühen Eisenzeit – eine der im Ostmittelmeerraum am heftigsten debattierten Perioden: nach dem politischen und wirtschaftlichen Zusammenbruch in der Spätbronzezeit lassen sich Restrukturierungen der politischen und sozialen Organisation beobachten, die aufgrund der Quellenlage bislang hauptsächlich in Bezug auf die spätere Eisenzeit belegt sind. 

Neben einer detaillierten Untersuchung der Architektur, des Fundmaterials, der Kontexte, der relativen und absoluten Chronologie sowie der möglichen Funktion des Gebäudes, hat die Studie zum Ziel, die Befunde aus Tell Abu al-Kharaz in einen weiteren Kontext zu integrieren. Dies geschieht vor allem in Bezug auf Wirtschaft und soziale Organisation der früheisenzeitlichen Stadt, wobei Aspekte von Tradition versus Innovation sowie Handelskontakte und Migration behandelt werden. Die Studie trägt daher zu einem tieferen Verständnis von Prozessen von Kontinuität und Wandel in der sozialen und politischen Organisation und von transkulturellen Kontakten in prä- und protohistorischen Gesellschaften bei.   The present monograph by Teresa Bürge deals with the material culture of the city of Tell Abu al-Kharaz in the northern part of the Jordan Valley. The basis and starting point is an extremely well-preserved domestic compound dating from the early Iron Age – one of the most controversial periods of the Eastern Mediterranean: it follows the political and economic collapse of the Late Bronze Age and results in a re-structuration of the political and social organization, which – due to the present state of research – is well documented only for the later Iron Age. 

In addition to a detailed examination of the architecture, the find material, its contexts, the relative and absolute chronology, and the possible function of the building, the study aims at an integration of the evidence from Tell Abu al-Kharaz into a broader picture. Special attention is devoted to the economy and social organization of the early Iron Age town, to aspects of tradition versus innovation, and patterns of economic contacts and migration. Therefore, the study contributes to a better understanding of processes of continuity and change in social and political organization and cross-cultural relations of pre- and protohistoric societies.

Tradition, Innovation and Intercultural Relations in the Eastern Mediterranean around 1100 BC. With contributions by D. Kofel and N. Gharaibe

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The Early Iron Age at Tell Abu al-Kharaz, Jordan Valley

The Appearance, Formation and Transformation of Philistine Culture: New Perspectives and New Finds | The Climatic Context of the 3.2 kyr calBP Event | Weapons and Metals - Interregional Contacts between Italy and the Eastern Mediterranean during the Late Bronze Age | The Sea Peoples after Three Millennia: Possibilities and Limitations of Historical Reconstruction | Abbreviations | Shifts in Value? Exotica in the 13th-12th Centuries BCE Mediterranean | Flourishing amidst a 'Crisis': The Regional History of the Paphos Polity at the Transition from the 13th to the 12th Centuries BCE | The Archaeological Ramifications of "Philistines" in Aleppo | Anglo-Saxons and Sea Peoples: Comparing Similar Approaches for Tracking Ancient Human Migration | The 13th/12th Century BCE Destructions and the Abandonment of Hala Sultan Tekke, Cyprus | The Late Bronze - Iron Age Transition and the Problem of the Sea Peoples Phenomenon in Cilicia | Sea Peoples, Philistines, and the Destruction of Cities: A Critical Examination of Destruction Layers 'Caused' by the 'Sea Peoples' | The Late Bronze to Early Iron Age Transition in Transjordan - Between Tradition and Innovation: Evidence of Migration at Tell Abu al-Kharaz, Jordan Valley? | Dating the End of the Late Bronze Age with Radiocarbon: Some Observations, Concerns, and Revisiting the Dating of Late Cypriot IIC to IlIA | Causes of Complex Systems Collapse at the End of the Bronze Age | How Aegean is Philistine Pottery? The Use of Aegean-type Pottery in the Early 12th Century BCE Southern Levant | Philistines and Danites | The Impact of the Sea Peoples in the Central and Northern Levant in Perspective | The Sea Peoples: A View from the Pottery | Some Notes on Philistines, Migration and Mediterranean Connectivity | The Sea Peoples and the Collapse of Mycenaean Palatial Rule | Reflections on the Outcomes of the Workshop: Problems and Desiderata | Fluctuations in Levantine Maritime Foci across the Late Bronze/Iron Age Transition: Charting the Role of the Sharon-Carmel (Tjeker) Coast in the Rise of Iron Age Phoenician Polities

This volume presents the outcomes of the European Science Foundation workshop “Sea Peoples” Up-to-Date. New Research on Transformations in the Eastern Mediterranean in the 13th–11th Centuries BCE, which took place in November 2014 at the Austrian Academy of Sciences in Vienna. It offers up-to-date research on the Sea Peoples phenomenon during the so called “crisis years” at the end of the Bronze Age. This period encompasses dramatic changes in the political and cultural landscape of mainly the Eastern Mediterranean around 1200 BCE and most of the 12th century BCE. In geographical terms, these changes are noticeable in a vast area stretching from the Italian peninsula over the Balkans, the Aegean, Anatolia and Cyprus, to the Levant and Egypt. The term “Sea Peoples phenomenon” should be considered as an encompassing term, which – in addition to the written records on hostile activities of various ethnic groups in the Eastern Mediterranean – is synonymous with the effect of this turbulent period as reflected in the material remains. As a consequence, these events ended the Late Bronze Age, the first period of “internationalism” in human history. 

The papers are presented in five sections: “Overviews: From Italy to the Levant”; “Climate and Radiocarbon”; “Theoretical Approaches on Destruction, Migration and Transformation of Cultures”; “Case Studies: Cyprus, Cilicia and the Northern and Southern Levant”; and “Material Studies”. The reader of this volume gains insights into very complex changes during this period. It will become clear that these changes manifest themselves over decades and not years, and include numerous underlying factors: One single wave of migration, one general military campaign and other simple explanations should be dismissed. The breakdown of Late Bronze Age societies and the transformative processes that followed in its wake occurred in a vast area but they are mirrored in differing ways at local level. This volume presents the outcomes of the European Science Foundation workshop “Sea Peoples” Up-to-Date. New Research on Transformations in the Eastern Mediterranean in the 13th–11th Centuries BCE, which took place in November 2014 at the Austrian Academy of Sciences in Vienna. It offers up-to-date research on the Sea Peoples phenomenon during the so called “crisis years” at the end of the Bronze Age. This period encompasses dramatic changes in the political and cultural landscape of mainly the Eastern Mediterranean around 1200 BCE and most of the 12th century BCE. In geographical terms, these changes are noticeable in a vast area stretching from the Italian peninsula over the Balkans, the Aegean, Anatolia and Cyprus, to the Levant and Egypt. The term “Sea Peoples phenomenon” should be considered as an encompassing term, which – in addition to the written records on hostile activities of various ethnic groups in the Eastern Mediterranean – is synonymous with the effect of this turbulent period as reflected in the material remains. As a consequence, these events ended the Late Bronze Age, the first period of “internationalism” in human history.

The papers are presented in five sections: “Overviews: From Italy to the Levant”; “Climate and Radiocarbon”; “Theoretical Approaches on Destruction, Migration and Transformation of Cultures”; “Case Studies: Cyprus, Cilicia and the Northern and Southern Levant”; and “Material Studies”. The reader of this volume gains insights into very complex changes during this period. It will become clear that these changes manifest themselves over decades and not years, and include numerous underlying factors: One single wave of migration, one general military campaign and other simple explanations should be dismissed. The breakdown of Late Bronze Age societies and the transformative processes that followed in its wake occurred in a vast area but they are mirrored in differing ways at local level.

New Research on Transformation in the Eastern Mediterranean in 13th-11th Centuriese BCE

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Teresa Bürge

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The Early Iron Age at Tell Abu al-Kharaz, Jordan Valley

"Sea Peoples" Up-to-Date